Category: Antioxidants and acidity regulators

300–399 – ANTIOXIDANTS AND ACIDITY REGULATORS
300–305 Ascorbates (vitamin C)
306–309 Tocopherol (vitamin E)
310–319 Gallates and erythorbates
320–329 Lactates
330–337 Citrates and tartrates
338–343 Phosphates
344–345 Citrates
349–359 Malates and adipates
360–369 Succinates and fumarates
370–399 Others

E331 – Sodium and Potassium Citrates

A complete safety and regulatory overview of E331 sodium and potassium citrates, including how they’re used and why authorities consider them safe.
E339 – Sodium phosphates

E339 (sodium phosphates) are acidity regulators, emulsifying salts and sequestrants. Learn how they are made, where they are allowed, typical uses, and why we grade them ORANGE – SOME CONCERNS based on EFSA’s ADI and emerging kidney–cardiovascular evidence.
E320 – Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Butylated hydroxyanisole (E320, BHA) is a synthetic antioxidant used to protect fats and oils from rancidity. It is permitted in the EU with an ADI of 1.0 mg/kg bw/day and allowed in the US for specified uses, but mechanistic and high‑dose animal data raise endocrine and tumor concerns. We grade it ORANGE — Some Concerns.
E321 – Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)

Butylated hydroxytoluene (E321, BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant used to stabilize fats and oils. EFSA set an ADI of 0.25 mg/kg bw/day in 2012. While permitted in the EU and US, mechanistic and high‑dose animal data suggest endocrine, hepatic, and tumor‑promotion effects, so we grade it ORANGE — Some Concerns.
E270 – Lactic acid

Lactic acid (E270) is a widely used acidity regulator and preservative. This summary explains its safety grade (GREEN), common uses, science and production, and where it is allowed.
E338 – Phosphoric Acid

Phosphoric acid (E338) is widely used in soft drinks and processed foods. It is legally permitted but controversial due to links with bone health, dental erosion, and kidney issues.
E330 – Citric acid

Citric acid (E330) is classified here as GREEN because it is naturally found in citrus fruits and is widely recognized as safe. It is one of the most commonly used food acids and preservatives worldwide.
E304 – Ascorbyl palmitate

Ascorbyl palmitate (E304) is a fat‑soluble vitamin C derivative used as an antioxidant to protect fats and flavors. Widely considered safe at authorised uses.
E302 – Calcium ascorbate

Calcium ascorbate (E302) is a safe food additive used as an antioxidant and dietary source of Vitamin C and calcium.
E301 – Sodium ascorbate

Sodium ascorbate (E301) is a safe food additive used as an antioxidant and source of Vitamin C.
E300 – Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Ascorbic Acid (E300) is Vitamin C – a safe, natural antioxidant widely used to preserve freshness, prevent oxidation, and provide nutritional benefits.