Check food additives and E-numbers

Each entry explains what an additive is, where it is used, and how it is safety graded. You can also review possible side effects and how regulators in the EU, US, and other markets classify it. The grading system shows whether an additive is GREEN (Safe), ORANGE (Some Concerns), or RED (Unsafe/Banned)

Recent additives

  • E338 – Phosphoric Acid

    E338 – Phosphoric Acid

    Phosphoric acid (E338) is widely used in soft drinks and processed foods. It is legally permitted but controversial due to links with bone health, dental erosion, and kidney issues.

  • E172 – Iron oxides and hydroxides

    E172 – Iron oxides and hydroxides

    Colouring additive rated ORANGE – SOME CONCERNS due to safety debates, though legally permitted in EU and US.

  • E124 – Ponceau 4R

    E124 – Ponceau 4R

    Ponceau 4R (E124) is a synthetic red azo dye banned in the US and Canada, allowed under restrictions in the EU, and linked to health concerns including hyperactivity and allergic reactions. Classified RED – UNSAFE.

  • E200 – Sorbic acid

    E200 – Sorbic acid

    Sorbic acid (E200) is widely regarded as safe when used within approved limits. It has been extensively assessed by regulators and is one of the most relied‑upon food preservatives for controlling moulds and yeasts in…

  • E330 – Citric acid

    E330 – Citric acid

    Citric acid (E330) is classified here as GREEN because it is naturally found in citrus fruits and is widely recognized as safe. It is one of the most commonly used food acids and preservatives worldwide.

  • E220 – Sulphur dioxide

    E220 – Sulphur dioxide

    Classified here as ORANGE because while most people can tolerate it in small amounts, sulphur dioxide can trigger asthma attacks, respiratory problems, and allergic-like reactions in sensitive individuals.

  • E202 – Potassium sorbate

    E202 – Potassium sorbate

    Potassium sorbate (E202) is a widely used preservative that helps prevent mould and yeast growth, extending shelf life in foods like cheese, baked goods, and drinks. It has a long history of use at low…

Browse by category

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Colours

Colours are additives used to restore, enhance, or standardise the appearance of food and drinks.

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Preservatives

Preservatives help slow spoilage by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and extending shelf life.

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Antioxidants and acidity regulators

These additives help prevent oxidation, maintain freshness, and control the acidity or alkalinity of food.

Icon for thickeners stabilisers and emulsifiers additive category.

Thickeners, stabilisers and emulsifiers

These additives improve texture, keep ingredients evenly mixed, and help foods maintain a consistent structure.

Icon for ph regulators and anti caking agents.

pH regulators and anti caking agents

These additives adjust acidity and help powders or granules stay free-flowing instead of clumping together.

Icon for flavour enhancers additive category.

Flavour enhancers

Flavour enhancers are used to intensify or round out existing taste without necessarily adding a distinct flavour of their own.

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Antibiotics

This category includes substances historically used in limited food-related contexts to inhibit bacterial growth.

Icon for glazing agents gases and sweereners additive category.

Glazing agents, gases and sweeteners

These additives provide shine, assist with packaging or processing, and add sweetness with or without sugar.

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Additional additives

Additional additives include specialised substances that do not fit neatly into the main standard additive groups.

Browse by safety grade

Green grain dots symbol for safe food additive (E number classification – GREEN level).

GREEN

Generally recognized as safe, widely accepted without controversy.

Orange grain dots symbol for food additive with some concerns (E number classification – ORANGE level).

ORANGE

Additives still legally allowed in the EU/US but controversial, restricted in some contexts, or under scientific debate.

Red grain dots symbol for unsafe food additive (E number classification – RED level).

RED

Only for additives that are banned or clearly unsafe based on strong scientific consensus.

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